PhD Thesis

Listen to your brain: exploring music as an interface for real-time fMRI neurofeedback intervention

I completed my PhD in Biomedical Engineering at the University of Coimbra in January 2026.

My thesis explored the integration of music as a feedback modality in real-time fMRI neurofeedback systems. Building on years of work at the intersection of neuroscience, music, and technology, the research systematically reviewed music-based BCIs, advanced fMRI acquisition techniques, decoded musical emotions using MVPA, and validated a novel connectivity-based music neurofeedback interface.

Thesis details

  • Title: Listen to your brain: exploring music as an interface for real-time fMRI neurofeedback intervention
  • Year: January 2026
  • Institution: University of Coimbra (Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia)
  • Supervisors: Bruno Direito, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Teresa Sousa

Read the thesis on the UC repository Direct PDF

Key contributions
  • Systematic review of music in neurofeedback and BCIs
  • Advanced multiband fMRI for improved temporal resolution
  • MVPA decoding of musical valence and arousal
  • Novel music-based neurofeedback interface using connectivity
  • Public release of data and code for reproducibility
The work demonstrates that music can serve as an intuitive, emotionally engaging, and effective feedback modality for real-time brain self-regulation.